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【程序54】
题目：取一个整数a从右端开始的4～7位。
程序分析：可以这样考虑：
(1)先使a右移4位。
(2)设置一个低4位全为1,其余全为0的数。可用~(~0<<4)
(3)将上面二者进行&运算。
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = int(raw_input('input a number:\n'))
b = a >> 4
c = ~(~0 << 4)
d = b & c
print '%o\t%o' %(a,d)